Women s Rights Of Women - 1263 Words

Throughout hundreds of years, women have experienced inequalities by society and by the law. Mostly, women were treated differently from men. The women in America during the late 1800’s were treated unequally to men because they couldn’t vote, they had no job opportunities, and they were controlled in marriage. In the beginning, only men had the privilege to vote on any law that they desired which is a reason why women were treated unequally to men. Unlike women who didn’t have the birthright to take place in voting. It’s discriminating that women could not have the opportunity to vote just because of their gender.† Women began to organize a voting rights movements in the late 1800’s† (M. F. Mikula. 1999). Men†¦show more content†¦The women’s suffrage movement helped expand people’s mind and tried to prove to people that women were as knowledgeable as men. As a result, the women’s suffrage movement started t o gain strength after the 15th Amendment. The Amendment stated that black males had the right to vote now, but still not women. â€Å"Women refused to support the Fifteenth Amendment if it excluded women.† (J. M. Palmisano 2001). Some women compared their inequalities to slavery by saying â€Å"I appeal to you men. If you were under such control of another man would you not consider it an absolute slavery?† (Credo, 2003). This made women of the movement want to strive harder to get their equal rights. Another reasons women were treated unequally to men were with job opportunities and schooling. Teaching was the furthermost recognized job for women in the late 1800’s. With that said, women could only work in the arts department of education. They were unable to work in the math or science department. More than half of the primary and secondary schools were taught by female teachers in 1870. On the other hand, women teachers made less money than male teachers, eve n though they made more than half of the primary and secondary schools. Another reason women were treated unequal with job opportunity was because they couldn’t have any other profession than teaching. Around about 95% of women had to stay home during the 1800’s. The women were in charge of making the home goodsShow MoreRelatedWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pagesa myriad of women have expressed through outlets such as public assemblies, literature, and speeches. There have been three waves of the women’s movement, each targeting a variety of issues within each era. The third wave was in 1995, where Hillary Clinton spoke in Beijing, China, claiming that women’s rights were the same as human rights, that every aspiring girl deserved the civil liberties that every man was given around the world. Moreover, the movement had shifted towards women in developingRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1265 Words   |  6 Pagesstands in the way of wo men being equal to men? Journalist Carlin Flora suggests the following, â€Å"While not all claims to humanity are universal and no one context, culture or continent can truly represent all peoples, the following three examples from very different contexts, cultures and continents show that some violations of women’s human rights are universal. In particular, it is still the case the world over that a woman’s reproductive rights, which impact on her right to life, are still seenRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women881 Words   |  4 PagesTwenty –first century ladies are discovering it a daunting task to keep up both sexual orientation parts as an aftereffect of the women s activist development. They are presently assuming liability for both the supplier and the nurturer, battling like never before to acquire and keep a superior personal satisfaction. Woman s rights has supported in equivalent vocation opportunity, battling to get ladies acknowledged into the empl oyment advertise, and what initially began as ladies strengtheningRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesthe early 1920’s, women thought they had achieved the unachievable. They could finally work, keep their earned wages, marry whomever they please, and even vote. After reaching their goal and fighting vigorously, women could taste equality and the freedom they deserved. While women still have the right to work in today’s society, women are not exactly treated equal in the workplace. Regardless of the past and the extreme measures taken to ensure equal opportunities for both men and women, there are manyRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 1920s, women were ignored in every aspect of their life. From politics, to social situations, women were constantly looked at as lesser. The 20s was a decade of women ready to fight for their rights. From gaining social freedoms, to getting political rights, the 20s was the first d ecade of feminism. Many women played key roles in the fight for women s rights through speeches, marches, and much more. The women that fought for their rights in the 1920s completely changed how women live their livesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1230 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s suffrage has stretched from the 1800’s to present day, as women have struggled to have the same civil and constitutional rights as men in politics and be appreciated as equals in the workforce. Groups of women known as suffragists questioned the customary views of women’s roles. Eventually our nation has evolved and realized that male-controlled societies suppress women’s rights. From the beginning steps taken in 1850 to 2013 with women earning combat roles in the military, women’s rolesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto speak of women and the role of women in this election, the subject of women is tiresome but necessary in a world where g ender is still existent as an obstacle for most. I cannot identify what woman is. I am basing my definition from our modern understanding of woman, our general view, and the popular experience. People are using younger women voting for Bernie Sanders as proof of gender’s irrelevant in this election, that women have achieved their rights. Even if women ‘have rights now’ it doesRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1393 Words   |  6 Pages Women all over the world are being treated different than men. Iran is one of the places that women are being treated the worst. From restrictions to punishments, women in Iran are being treated with no respect, and that is not okay. Women’s rights activists have tried to get it to change, and have traveled to many places to try and get more people to join their movement. There are many issues with women not having the same rights as men. One of the main problems is that they are treated lessRead MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1272 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, women have fought a strenuous battle for equal rights. Many men, and even some women, all over the world believe that women do not share the same value and importance to society as men do. On September 5, 1995, Hillary Clinton spoke at the 4th World Conference on Women, on behalf of women all over the world. Clinton raised awareness on how women s rights are being violated and why it is important to recognize women s rights as equal to everyone else’s rights. Even today, in 2016Read MoreWomen s Rights Of Women1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe family has traditionally been the basic unit of Chinese society where women have long been charged with upholding society s values in their roles as wives and mothers. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, women were required to balance society s i deals with the reality of raising a family and maintaining a household. Throughout the imperial period and into the beginning of the twentieth century, the relationship among family members was prescribed by Confucian teachings. The revered philosopher

Mlk Rhetorical Analysis Free Essays

Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream†? The â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech has very simple diction and context. The author of the â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech is Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on Mlk Rhetorical Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now King and is known for his work in Civil Rights during the late 1950s and mid1960s. The purpose of this speech is to inspire change in both white and black citizens of the United States during the Civil Rights era. The main idea of the speech is to convince both sides of the discussion that they must accept change in a non-violent yet effective way. Finally, the audience of the speech is very broad as it spans across all colors and ages however, one should note that since the speech is given in Washington, it can be assumed that the speech attempts to engage lawmaker’s and policy maker’s ears. The tone of Dr. King’s speech is somewhat narrative yet argumentative. The speech conveys many of his personal thoughts and experiences. However, there is a strong position taken against the crimes of â€Å"white† citizens and the nation as a whole, and also the victimization of African Americans as a whole. The style of the speech is very formal with some hints of informality to help gain appeal to the largely uneducated black population. The diction or word choice is comparable to other political speeches due to the fact that Dr. King must still be very persuasive with is ideas and thoughts. Yet, throughout the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, one may find a bit of black gospel within it. The images and the allusions are heavily religious, reminiscent of a Sunday church service. The tone is both informative and argumentative. The claims he makes are very clear: 1) American has defaulted on its promise in that all men are created equal 2) The black people of the U. S. are still not â€Å"free. † 3) Now is the time to make changes. 4) As, King suggests, â€Å"Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred† (p. 2) People should move forward to spread the message that freedom is a part of every U. S. citizen’s life, even blacks. In terms of support, King uses biblical references along with his very overt in using his own testimony of what is happening in the United States. That one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low†¦ the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together† (p. 1). In terms of â€Å"artificial† support, King uses many different kinds of pathos. Beginning with a long allegory about Negro freedom and banking, King uses the imagery of being be hind a great leader, Abraham Lincoln. One could easily make a case that the imagery is also linked to ethos, since Lincoln was the father of the Emancipation Proclamation and freed all slaves. Towards the end of the speech, there is a surge of pathos, as King discusses the brutality that the Negros have experience and the basic everyday life of the Negros who are unable to find jobs, stay in hotels, etc. Towards the absolute close of the speech, King launches into a long discussion of a possible and decent future, using images of children playing together. While the introduction of the speech comes from Lincoln, the conclusion uses lyrics from the song â€Å"America†. Additionally, he gives a sort of shout out to the people of the United States, saying: â€Å"Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York†¦ Pennsylvania†¦ Colorado†¦ California† (p. 2). In the end, King closes with words from an old Negro spiritual: â€Å"Freed at last! Free at last! Thank God almighty, we are free at last† (p. 1). King’s style is unique but very easy to discuss. King’s use of ornamentation is made possible through heavy uses of the anaphora. An example of this includes his long series of â€Å"I have a dream†¦ † statements, where he states: â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed†¦ I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judge by the color of their skin but by the content of their character† (p. 2). Further, King makes heavy use of listing. In one passage, he states: â€Å"Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina†¦ † (p. 2), which he mixes with a sort of anaphora. King uses a large allegory in the beginning of the speech, again comparing banking to the rights of black U. S. citizens. Overall, the speech is very much loaded with rhetorical techniques. King as an accomplished civil rights leader is a very talented and persuasive writer. His words are very optimistic and deliberate. He is very conscious of his audience, and he is very commanding of his wording to avoid hurting his credibility with this audience. The image I have chosen shows a group of men at a civil rights rally. All eyes, including a white man’s, are focused on Dr. King as he gives a speech promoting a higher equality for black citizens of America. There are signs in the background that say â€Å"full employment†, but the most powerful aspect f the picture is that there is a white man and a black man holding hands. The symbolism in which they are holding hands is incredibly powerful. At first thought people believe that all white men are against the idea of blacks having an equal opportunity, and for the most part that is true, but the fact that they are holding hands at a public speech is very powerful. I have a dream speech text I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we have come to our nation’s capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked â€Å"insufficient funds. † But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check — a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment. This sweltering summer of the Negro’s legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. They have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. As we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall always march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, â€Å"When will you be satisfied? † We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality. We can never be satisfied, as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating â€Å"For Whites Only†. We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow jail cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to South Carolina, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal. † I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama, little black boys and black irls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it t ogether. This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with a new meaning, â€Å"My country, ’tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim’s pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring. † And if America is to be a great nation this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, â€Å"Free at last! ree at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last! † Work Cited Harrison, James H. â€Å"Ten Martin Luther King Jr. Quotes. † The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 18 Jan. 2010. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. Kanalley, Craig. â€Å"I Have A Dream Speech (TEXT). † The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost. com, 17 Jan. 2011. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. How to cite Mlk Rhetorical Analysis, Papers Mlk Rhetorical Analysis Free Essays Justine Mrs. Morehead English 3 AP September 9,2012 In Martin Luther King Jr. ’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, King argues that segregation laws are unjust and unfair laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Mlk Rhetorical Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now King illustrates many different strategies throughout his letter such as pathos, ethos, and allusions to describe and explain thoroughly to the eight clergymen that such laws as segregation laws should be broken and changed for equality for black people. In Kings Letter in paragraphs thirteen and fourteen, he implies pathos to express how black people feel and all that they go through because of the segregation laws. King reveals all that they go through that is expressed especially well in a sentence in paragraph fourteen as shown: †But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sister;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is only a part of the lengthy sentence that shows very powerful emotion in vivid detail of all what black people face every day they walk out there home. King develops the use of pathos by starting out in the paragraph stating that black people have waited for over 340 years to gain their God-given rights and to explain how much they have gone through to still not deserve them. This sentence sets an amazing example of pathos creating a powerful emotion of sympathetic pity for black people. Also in paragraph fourteen King provides an example of ethos in his letter. King’s example of ethos is important to his letter since the letter is about segregation laws towards black people. King’s example of this is: â€Å"We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God-given rights†¦Perhaps it is easy for those who have seen never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say â€Å"Wait. †Ã¢â‚¬  King is standing up for his people, for his brothers and his sisters; he has passion for changing the segregation laws in America. Kings purpose of implying ethos was to prove his point in what he believes is right for his people. Another rhetorical strategies king illustrates in paragraph fourteen was allusion. King’s Example implies to just and unjust laws, shown here: â€Å"I would agree with St. Augustine that an â€Å"unjust law is no law at all. †Ã¢â‚¬  King’s example of allusion shows and explains what Martin Luther King really does believe in dealing with the segregation laws. These rhetorical devices that king applies in his letter adds emphasis and emotion in the letter for him to be able to get his point across to the eight clergymen who questioned him. The letter is a powerful and influence letter to get the clergymen to see what he sees from his point of view. How to cite Mlk Rhetorical Analysis, Essay examples

HRM Practices For The New Brand Tim And Kate in TK Ceramics Company

Question: Discuss about the HRM Practices For The New Brand Tim And Kate in TK Ceramics Company. Answer: Introduction TK Ceramics is an Australian company that imports tiles from Europe. The company operates from Melbourne and has a workforce of 70 employees. The company was started by Tim Bortolli and Kate Johnson after the two left their university and are not the joint owners of TK Ceramics. On one of her motorcycle tours in Jakarta Raya, Kate came across a small tile factory that was owned by Alatas and was a producer of plain standard tile. Kate found it an excellent business opportunity as the tiles were plain and cost effective, which would appeal to building companies, hospitals, commercial installers and shopping centres in Australia as they paid less importance to design as compared to price and functionality. Kate thought that starting up a new business venture to sell these tiles will help her in expanding her business because the designer European tiles, which TK Ceramics was importing, were relatively costlier and appealed to a limited portion of the Melbourne market. Therefore, Kate a nd Tim decided to start a new business venture of importing tiles from Indonesia under a new brand name and hired Renee as the HRP for the new firm. This report is prepared to gain a deeper insight into the human resource management practices for the new brand that Tim and Kate are planning to launch and to make some recommendations that will help Renee in planning the human resources for the new brand. Redesigning internal facing and customer facing jobs Internally facing jobs or business facing jobs are those jobs that include job duties and responsibilities that are concerned with the internal business operations, such as planning and budgeting. On the other hand, a customer facing job is the one that include job duties and responsibilities that are directly linked to customer dealing, such as sales and marketing (Markgraf, n.d.). The criteria for designing the two types of jobs is same but the contents of job design for an internally facing and a customer facing job will differ significantly. First of all, the new human resource planner should prepare a list of all those job positions that will be available in the new brand and then classify each of the job position as customer facing or business facing. Once all the job positions are clearly identified, the management should then analyse the jobs individually and prepare job descriptions and specifications for each job profile. A major difference between the designing of two types of jobs will exist in the preparation of job description and job specifications. For a candidate applying for an internal facing job, it is important to have knowledge about the core functions and responsibilities that he or she will be required to perform. For example, a person applying for a quality checker position will be required to have knowledge about the material being used in the tiles and the permissible quality standards so that he can perform his duties properly. On the other hand, a person who is applying for a customer facing job must have knowledge about all the internal facing jobs and should be an expert in marketing and sales. In order to perform his or her duties properly, it is essential that a person applying for a customer facing job must be an expert in all business processes and in marketing and sales because he or she will have to face the customers and will also have to solve their queries related to products, material, manufacturing process, usability, etc. The management can use the following approach to design its internal and customer facing jobs. First of all, prepare a list of all available job positions. Secondly, collect data and information to prepare job description and job specifications for each the job post. Thirdly, design compensation and benefits plans for each job post by looking into the market trends. Lastly, prepare performance objectives for each job post. To ensure a best job design for various job posts, the skills should be clearly defined, the task assigned should be interesting and meaningful, the power vested in a job holder should be clearly defined and there must be a clearly defined performance management plan for each job post (Oldham Fried, 2016). Pros and cons of drawing some of the shop workers from existing staff When arranging for human resources to fulfil an organisations demand, there are two different methods to recruit employees i.e. internal recruitment and external recruitment. Internal recruitment is a process in which an organisation looks to fulfil job vacancies from within the existing employees whereas external recruitment is a process where an organisation tries to fill up job vacancies by hiring new candidates from outside the workplace (DeVaro, 2016). As Tim and Kate have decided to start expanding their business by importing tiles from Indonesia and selling them under a new brand name, recruiting employees for their new brand from within the organisation can have the following benefits: First of all, the employees already working in TK Ceramics will have complete knowledge of the tile business and the company. Their knowledge about the company and the products will prove to be beneficial for the new brand. Secondly, internal recruitment will provide growth opportunities to the employees that are already working in TK Ceramics and will help in boosting up their morale and motivation levels. Thirdly, recruiting employees for the new brand from within the organisation will also allow the company to reduce its operational costs, which it would otherwise have to incur because of frequent recruitment and selection programs. Fourthly, recruiting employees from within the organisation will foster a competitive environment and will have a direct impact on the performance level of the employees (III, n.d.). Fifthly, internal recruitment for TK Ceramics can prove to be time saving as the company will not have to waste time in hunting employees from outside the organisation. Si xthly, the employees already working in TK ceramics will have a greater knowledge of the companys corporate culture and will prove to be a better fit in the new brand that the company is planning to start. Further, existing employees will also help the company in fostering a similar corporate culture in the new brand. Lastly, drawing some of the shop worker form the existing workforce will help the organisation in avoiding certain mistakes that the recruiters can commit during a recruitment process (Peterson, n.d.). Drawing some of the shop workers form the existing staff members can also have certain disadvantages for the company, which are discussed below: First of all, looking to fulfil human resource demand for the new demand from within the organisation or existing workforce reduces the choice that an organisation can enjoy in a recruitment process. The management will have to choose from a limited number of employees if it wants to recruits employees for the new brand from within the existing workforce. Secondly, the company will not be able to increase its competencies because recruiting internally will not add any fresh talent to the new brand. Lastly, selection employees for the new brand from within the existing workforce can also prove costly for the company because it would ultimately create a vacancy in the existing company and the management will have to conduct recruitment and selection process for fulfilling those vacancies (Chan, 2015). Preparing new job descriptions and person specifications The decision taken by Tim and Kate to start a new brand for selling the tiles that they are going to import from Indonesia will definitely create a demand for new human resources and job positions. There will also be demand for certain job positions that were earlier not there in TK Ceramics and will have to be included under the new brand. To prepare job specifications and person specifications for such jobs, the management can use the following methods: Observation methods observation method is a method that would allow the management of the new brand to prepare job description and person specification by observing an employee working at the same job post in some other company. The management can carefully observe an employee in some other company and pen down his routine, tasks, duties, responsibilities, etc. that he or she is preforming and can use the observed information to prepare their own job description and person specification. Interview method using an interview method, the management of the new brand can interview employees working at the same job post in some other company and can collect important information about his or her job roles, responsibilities, duties, task performed, etc. to prepare their own job description and person specification. To ensure greater accuracy, the management can interview multiple employees and tally their answers. (Brannick Levine, 2002). Questionnaire method in this method, the management of the new brand can prepare a questionnaire and can ask all the employees, managers, superiors and juniors to fill them up. The questionnaire should be prepared in such a way that it contains important questions regarding job duties and responsibilities for a particular job post so that all the important information required to prepare job description and person specification can be extracted from the feedback given by the employees (Managementstudyguide.com, n.d.). Secondary sources consulting secondary information sources, such as newspapers, online websites, magazines, job portals, etc. for job description and person specification information for a particular job post can also help the management of the new brand to prepare their own job description and person specification. Difference between skills and abilities of a sales representatives and other shop staff Job responsibilities and duties for two different job positions can never be the same, which also implies that the skills or abilities required to perform a sales job can never be the same to those that are required for any other job. The key skills and abilities of a sales representatives will never be similar to those of the shop staff because: First of all, the job post of a sales representative is higher than most of the shop staff jobs and requires more person specification. A person being selected for a sales representative job must have a degree in marketing and sales whereas a degree in sales and marketing is not necessary for any other shop staff job. Secondly, sales and marketing is a way more difficult task than managing the operations of the shop. A sales representative has to continuously analyse the market situation and conduct research to discover ways that can help in increasing the sales and the business of a company. The sale representatives also have to analyse the market trends so that they can identify market opportunities and can inform their seniors and help them in making a good use of the opportunities that are available to the company. On the other hand, the job duties and responsibilities of the shop staff are limited and do not require such high skills and abilities (Kokemuller, n.d.). Thirdly, employees working in the sales department also have to solve practical problems and deal with the customers directly. Solving market problems and dealing with the customers directly require a lot of skills and abilities, which the shop staff is not responsible for and can still carry out their job duties and responsibilities without these skills. Fourthly, sales representative also has to indulge in persuasive communication with their clients so that they can gather important feedback related to the products or services which they are selling. The sales representatives have to ask good and relevant questions and listen to the feedback of the customers attentively. Only a persuasive communicator can become a successful sales representative. On the other hand, people working as shop staff do not have to communicate with the customers or collect information about products or services from them, in order to make improvements. Lastly, management of information is another important skill or ability that every sales representative must possess. Information management is the ability of a person to collect, organise and use data and information using softwares and information systems so that it can be used to take better business related decisions. The sale representatives also have to maintain relations with customers and ensure strong Customer Relationship Management for maximising business efficiency and sales. On the other hand, any shop staff job does not require such complex and professional skills or abilities. Thus, the job of a shop staff is much easier than the job of a sales representative, which introduces some considerable differences between the skills and abilities required for the two jobs. Conclusion The decision of Kate and Tim to start selling the tiles being imported from Indonesia under a new brand name will require the management of the new brand to plan the human resources for the new business from scratch. The management will have a number of different options and techniques that it can use to plan its human resource management, but it is important for the management to carefully look into all of the methods and chose the best practices. Selecting the best practices out of all the available practices will help the company in maximising business efficiency and productivity of its old as well as of the new business. Bibliography Markgraf, B. (n.d.). Customer-Facing Vs. Business-Facin. Retrieved May 17, 2017, from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/customerfacing-vs-businessfacing-50329.html Oldham, G. R., Fried, Y. (2016, September). Job design research and theory: Past, present and future . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 136. DeVaro, J. (2016). Internal hiring or external recruitment? Retrieved from wol.iza.org: https://wol.iza.org/articles/internal-hiring-or-external-recruitment/long III, G. N. (n.d.). Advantages Disadvantages of Internal Recruitment. Retrieved May 17, 2017, from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-internal-recruitment-11212.html Peterson, J. (n.d.). The Advantages of Internal Recruitment Sources. Retrieved May 17, 2017, from yourbusiness.azcentral.com: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/advantages-internal-recruitment-sources-8989.html Chan, D. (2015, May 28). Internal Recruitment - Advantages And Disadvantages Explained. Retrieved May 17, 2017, from www.linkedin.com: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/internal-recruitment-advantages-disadvantages-dougles-chan Managementstudyguide.com. (n.d.). Job Analysis Methods. Retrieved May 17, 2017, from www.managementstudyguide.com: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/job-analysis-methods.htm Brannick, M. T., Levine, E. L. (2002). Job Analysis: Methods, research and applications for human resource management in the new millennium . Kokemuller, N. (n.d.). Technical Functional Skills for Sales People. Retrieved May 17, 2017, from work.chron.com: https://work.chron.com/technical-functional-skills-sales-people-22190.html

Mathematics Methodology Classroom Effect on Efficacy of Elementary Teachers

Background of the Study The theoretical concept of this research is teacher efficacy and belief, which originated from Bandura’s self-efficacy in social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986). It has two elements, which include â€Å"efficacy expectations and outcome expectancies† (Bandura, 1986). The author is also quite categorical that efficacy among individuals has been demonstrated in various ways. For example, individuals can undertake self reflection in order to boost their levels of self efficacy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mathematics Methodology Classroom Effect on Efficacy of Elementary Teachers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, they are excellent self-regulators especially if they are allowed to monitor themselves. Other similar characteristics of self efficacy include being proactive, and self-organizing. Bandura notes that human beings usually contribute to the circumstances facing their lives besides the fact that they are products of the same circumstances. Kazempour also shares a similar sentiment about the relationship between the ideas of self-efficacy and teacher efficacy by asserting that they relate to each other (Kazempour, 2008). He noted that teachers who demonstrated confidence in mathematics teaching strategies had the ability to influence their students. In this context, the teacher’s belief has a direct influence on potential student outcomes in mathematics. It is also imperative to mention that teachers can use various strategies to enhance student outcomes and provide appropriate feedback that encourages positive results. As a matter of fact, teachers with high levels of efficacy have the ability to put in place and utilize various types of strategies. It is not possible to deliver the best results and claim efficacies if myriad types of strategies are not sourced and utilized. The role of an elementary teacher should be to impr ove student outcomes through different teaching strategies. Based on this observation, Kazempour (2008) concluded that learners’ performances in mathematics depended on their teacher’s efficacy, because teacher efficacy as dictated by the use of various strategies had a significant influence on the outcome of students. When multiple and efficient strategies are used, learners are easily motivated and therefore are expected to perform exceptionally well. On the same note, Bursal (2007 also noted that the use of self-efficacy in improving mathematics literacy allowed teachers to enhance student outcomes regardless of their social backgrounds or other challenges (Bursal, 2007). Teachers who were aware of self-efficacy stressed the importance of learners in the teaching and learning process. Such teachers made students believe they were a part of the learning process. In this model, learners may feel that their contributions are also important to the class and develop inte rest in the subject (Bursal, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With reference to Bandura’s theoretical framework and other studies on personal efficacy and teacher self-efficacy, teacher efficacy may be defined as the teacher’s â€Å"judgment of his or her capabilities to bring about desired outcomes of student engagement and learning, even among those students who may be difficult or unmotivated† (Bandura, 1986; Ashton, Webb, Doda, 1982a; Ashton, Webb, 1986). It is important to understand the two aspects of teacher efficacy. Teachers also have personal beliefs through which they view the effectiveness of their teaching strategies. In addition, teaching outcome expectancy consists of teachers’ beliefs that effective teaching can effective teaching can create â€Å"positive student learning outcomes regardless of external factors† (Bandura, 198 6; Ashton, Webb Doda, 1982b). Teachers who hold this view believe that external factors such as family background, parental influence, IQ, school conditions, and home environment do not influence a student’s performance in mathematics once the teacher uses the appropriate strategy to enhance the student’s ability to learn and grasp new information. The above is among the strategies that have been employed to boost the efficacy of teachers when handling mathematics at the elementary level. This strategy is indeed an effective mathematics methodology for improving the efficacy of teachers (Cone, 2009). In yet another assertion, the author made it clear that community-based service learning â€Å"significantly influenced pre-service elementary teachers’ outcome expectancy toward equitable science teaching and learning† (Cone 2009, p.26). Cone’s study aimed to establish why pre-service teachers had low levels of teaching efficacy beliefs despite the i mprovement in science and other education courses. Problems may occur when the teacher is not certain about his or her skills or ability to ensure effective teaching. Teacher efficacy accounts for learners’ achievement, teacher behavior, and motivation, but it tends to be specific to certain contexts (Little, 2003). Within the context of mathematics, teaching efficacy focuses on two fundamental areas that relate to two aspects of teacher efficacy: mathematics teaching efficacy and teaching outcome expectancy. Few studies regarding mathematics teaching efficacy among elementary pre-service teachers exist.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mathematics Methodology Classroom Effect on Efficacy of Elementary Teachers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, available studies have shown â€Å"a statistically significant increase in mathematics teaching efficacy after completion of one methods course or a sequen ce of methods courses† (Huinker Madison, 1997; Cakiroglu, 2000). Moreover, such improvements were also evident after completing content in mathematics courses. According to Lee (2010), studies have concentrated on teacher efficacy and correlated its significance to factors like classroom instructional strategies and eagerness to use new approaches in teaching. Both pre-service and in-service teachers who demonstrated high standards of teacher efficacy often used various approaches during their classroom lessons. Czernaik noted that teachers who possessed high standards of self-efficacy were most likely to use inquiry and student-centered teaching and learning methods (Czerniak, 1990). On the other hand, teachers who had low-levels of self-efficacy were likely to apply teacher-centered approaches in the classroom. In addition, teachers who had high standards of teaching efficacy were likely to apply new methods in their classrooms. This could be a difficult method to implement , â€Å"involved risks and would require sharing control with learners† (Czerniak, 1990, p.120). Such teachers attempt to match reforms proposed by the NCTM of 2000. Pre-service teachers often have preconceived beliefs concerning mathematics and their teaching and learning abilities in this subject (Cakiroglu, 2008). Most of these beliefs originate from their experiences as students. A number of these pre-service teachers have different views about mathematics. According to Cakiroglu, pre-service teachers also noted that exposure to â€Å"reform strategies in mathematics methods courses affected their level of mathematics teacher efficacy† (Cakiroglu, 2000). Hoffman studied the role of â€Å"self-efficacy beliefs, mathematics anxiety, and working memory capacity in problem-solving accuracy, response time, and efficiency; i.e., the ratio of problem-solving accuracy to response time (Hoffman, 2010). He noted that there were differences in â€Å"self-efficacy role on ef ficiency and response time, and a possible compensatory association between self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety in relation to efficiency outcomes† (Hoffman, 2010). Some past studies have noted that pre-service teachers with high standards of mathematics teacher efficacy often used manipulative instructional strategies. When manipulative strategies are used, misconceptions that may arise from poor instructional methods are avoided. For example, when mathematical teachers offer instructions to learners, it is vital for them to diagnose the common errors that individual learners often face when carrying out calculations.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It may be possible that a learner persistently fails a particular mathematical problem due to misconceived ideas. If such misconceptions are not dealt with out rightly, the affected learner may continue facing the same mathematical challenge. It is against this backdrop that the mathematical teacher is supposed to make use of instructional exercises that cannot just diagnose the problem, but also assist the learner to solve the mathematical challenge as quickly and effectively as possible. It is inevitable that learners may sometimes experience difficulties when handling mathematical problems. While some of these difficulties may be occasioned by ineffective instructional methods in a classroom environment, it is also possible that students may individually acquire erroneous procedures and misconceptions when they are practicing how to carry out mathematical computations. Perhaps, mathematical instructions should take the form of paper and pencil guideline especially when teachers a re introducing new concepts to young learners Therefore, pre-service teachers who demonstrated high standards of mathematics teacher efficacy were favorable toward reforms in teaching and learning mathematics. On the other hand, pre-service teachers who demonstrated low standards of mathematics teacher efficacy required improvement in their manipulative strategies in order to facilitate teaching mathematics in classrooms. Such outcomes are persistent with some past studies (Battista,1994;Czerniak, 1990). Cakiroglu (2000) is of the opinion that pre-service teachers must understand the importance of classroom instructional approaches and teacher efficacy besides showing their eagerness for adopting reforms in teaching and learning mathematics at the elementary level. The author has used a theoretical model to expound this phenomenon. Cakiroglu noted that it was important for elementary pre-service teachers to take part in â€Å"a mathematics methods course in order to increase mathem atics teacher efficacy† (Cakiroglu, 2000, p.92). In addition, elementary pre-service teachers also require encouragement and outstanding experiences when teaching mathematics method courses. This will allow such teachers to work toward achieving the efficaciousness required by mathematics reforms. It is also vital for pre-service teachers to gain and utilize the much needed teaching experience bearing in mind that long term exposure to different levels of complexities often enhances teacher efficacy and high level delivery of lesson content. To ensure that all these factors are considered, this study will seek to answer the following questions: What are the main impacts of the teachers’ training course on the self-efficacy levels of pre-service teachers? Do self-efficacy and beliefs towards mathematics affect the behavior of pre-service teachers in classrooms and their teaching practices? How do the participants view mathematics, and what is the relationship between th eir perception of mathematics and their classroom practices? What are pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their understanding of the subject of mathematics and their ability to teach the subject? Characteristics of the Subject Population Age range. The age range for research participants will be 20 years and above. This will account for diversity among pre-service teachers in the United States. Gender. Research participants will consist of both female and male pre-service teachers in the ratio of 1:1 respectively. Number of participants. Approximately 14 to 18 pre-service teachers in Indiana university of Pennsylvania Sample. The researcher will determine the appropriate sample based on the population of pre-service teachers in the region of the study. This sample will consist of pre-service teachers enrolled in a method class. Inclusion criteria. The study will include only Indiana University of Pennsylvania students who are majoring in education (pre-service) and are trai ning as mathematics teachers at the elementary level. Vulnerable subjects No vulnerable subjects will be included in the study. The participants are adult and volunteers. They can withdraw at any time in the study. Methods and Procedures Method of Subject Selection In order to conduct the study, a list of pre-service teachers in Indiana University of Pennsylvania will be obtained from the coordinators of the mathematics departments. Each of the mathematics department will be requested to avail 3 male and 3 female participants in order to balance the number of participants in the survey. Study Site The study site for each interview will be in University settings. However, she will also respect the wishes of respondents. Therefore, respondents are free to choose a location for the interview. Methods and Procedures Applied to Human Subjects Firstly, I will send the survey to everyone by the email n the beginning of the semester then at the end of the semester I will ask the class to pa rticipate in the interview. In the end of the semester the one who agree to participate will sign the consent and put it in the box. I will then interview them individually in a university sitting The study will engage respondents in a face-to-face interview. This will provide the opportunity to gather the in-depth information necessary for the study question. The preferred place for the interview is a school environment. This is necessary to ensure professional tone during the process. The study will use survey questionnaires to gather data. The study will involve the use of tape recorders. The researcher will transcribe all collected data and draw his conclusions. This is a preliminary stage of collecting data for the main study. Collected data will help the researcher to identify common themes and formulate appropriate study questions. Risks or Benefits Potential Risks This study does not pose any form of risk to research participants. There is no form of intervention in the stud y. Protection against Risks The study does not pose risks to participants. Therefore, no protection against potential risk is necessary. Potential Benefits This study will assess the pre-service teachers’ attitudes, beliefs, and efficacy toward mathematics. From the results of the study, the relationship between self-efficacy and teaching practices will be determined. Finally, the study will discuss measures that can be taken to ensure that teachers’ training processes are effective and lead to the development of professionals who are effective and efficient in performing their duties. Compensation for participation: Participants for the study will not be compensated, as their involvement will be voluntary. Alternatives to participation: There will be no alternatives to participation. Information withheld: All the information provided by the participants will be confidential. Debriefing – A summary of the procedures and results of the study will be made availab le to any participant at the end of the study. Privacy or Confidentiality Confidentiality Prior to the interview process, the confidentiality of the respondents will be guaranteed. The information gathered from the study will not be accessed by any unauthorized individuals except in the event of an investigation where a warrant has been issued. The researcher will store personal information as well as the data generated from the study in a secure location. Consequently, the confidentiality of the respondents will be maintained during the data analysis and interpretation phases. In the event a participant wishes not to be included or continue with the process, the questionnaires that have been administered to him/her will be destroyed immediately. References Ashton, P. T., Webb, R. B., Doda, N. (1982a). A study of teacher sense of efficacy, Final Report Volume 1. Florida: Foundation of Education University of Florida. Ashton, P. T., Webb, R. B., Doda, N. (1982b). A study of teache rs’ sense of efficacy, Final Report Volume 2. Florida: Foundation of Education University of Florida. Ashton, P.T., Webb, R.B. (1986). Making a difference: Teachers’ sense of efficacy and student achievement. New York: Longman. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 34, 191-215. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Battista, M. T. (1994). Teacher beliefs and the reform movement of mathematics education. Phi Delta Kappan, 75, 462-470. Bursal, M. (2007). Turkish preservice elementary teachers’ self- efficacy beliefs regarding mathematics and science teaching. International Journal of science and Mathematics Education, 8(4), 649-666. Cakiroglu, E. (2000). Preservice elementary teachers’ sense of efficacy in reform oriented mathematics. Indiana: Indiana University. Cakiroglu, E. (2008). The teaching efficacy beliefs of pre-service teachers in the USA and Turkey. Journal of Education for Teaching, 34(1), 33-44. Cone, N. (2009). Pre-service elementary teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about equitable science teaching: Does service learning make a difference? Journal of Elementary Science Education, 21(2), 25-34. Czerniak, C. M. (1990). A study of self-efficacy, anxiety, and science knowledge in preservice elementary teachers. Atlanta, GA: the National Association for Research in Science Teaching. Hoffman, B. (2010). â€Å"I think I can, but I’m afraid to try†: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and mathematics anxiety in mathematics problem-solving efficiency. Learning and Individual Differences, 20(3), 276–283. Huinker, D., Madison, S. K. (1997). Preparing efficacious elementary teachers in science and mathematics: The influence of methods courses. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 8(2), 107-126. Kazempour, M. (2008). Exploring attitudes, beliefs, and self efficacy of pre-service elementary teachers enrolled in a science methods course and factors responsible for possible changes. Ann Arbor: UMI Dissertations Publishing. Lee, T. (2010). Teaching mathematics creatively, New York, NY: Taylor Francis. Little, M. E. (2003). Successfully teaching mathematics, Educational Forum, 67(3-6). This essay on Mathematics Methodology Classroom Effect on Efficacy of Elementary Teachers was written and submitted by user J0anna to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Pornography

TITLE: THE HISTORY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PORNOGRAPHY Pornography gets people bothered as dependably as it gets them hot. There’s something philosophically itchy about text that is so intimately linked to action†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Weatherfield,M.1998 ). Pornography inspires many diverse and strong debates even today in the 21st century despite this topic’s notorious history throughout the ages. Aside of the social and political arguments on pornography, the history of this particular subject- its beginnings and the societies from which it came- is of great worth and interest. The literature coming out of France in the 18th century, the prohibited literature that was censored and burnt by those in authority as well as the writers of pornography themselves, were catalysts in revolutionising societies definitions of sexual practise and social custom. Thus the historical and social repercussions of this literary movement, its establishment of a rich genre of sexual representations and the subsequent views on sexuality wit hin society, are seen to be heavily indebted to 18th century France. Pornography’s definition is as troubling as its political debates. â€Å"The written or visual presentation in a realistic form of any genital or sexual behaviour with a deliberate violation of existing and widely accepted moral and social taboos† ( Stewart,P.1997 ). Despite the somewhat vague terms used in this definition it suffices as the closest interpretation of pornography outside of art, personal opinion, erotic literature, and anything which arouses sexual feelings. The word itself first coming into existence in 1869, meaning the â€Å"literature or writing of prostitutes† ( Stewart,P.1997 ). However 18th century France’s definition of pornography was not the same as modern day man’s definition. Books at that time were separated into work of the Enlightenment and pornography. The latter half were illegal, the political satire that they... Free Essays on Pornography Free Essays on Pornography Pornography Degrades Women Porn is a cancer eating away at the souls of millions of men, women, and children at this very hour (Kennedy 1). Porn is also known as any material that combines sex and/or exposure of genitals with abuse or degradation in a manner that appears to endorse, condone, or encourage such behavior (Pornography 1). Porn is one of the most controversial forms of expression (Downs 1). Porn is not â€Å"just fantasy† for the women who are used in making it (Russell 6). Many people’s attitudes toward porn show how controversial it really is. The availability of porn and the effects it has on people shows just how degrading it truly is. Porn sends the message of men and women enjoying being beaten, abused, and raped. It also sends the message that women secretly enjoy the abuse which is untrue (Pornography 1). Porn is available on television and can easily be accessed on the internet (Wierzbicka 1). Video stores, adult video stores, variety stores, adult stores, and newspapers are other places where pornography can be accessed or advertised (Pornography 1-2). America is by far the world’s leading producer of porn, churning out hard-core videos at the astonishing rate of about 150 new titles per week. Today pornography brings in at least $8 million per year and potentially much more in hidden and illegal profits. The porn industry has surpassed total Hollywood revenues for all domestic box office receipts and earns more each year than all the revenues from the sale of rock or country music. A sociologist quoted in the U.S. News report says the sexual content of American culture has changed m ore in the last two decades than in the previous two centuries (Kennedy 1-2). The amount of profits that pornography brings in gives an example to how many people are using porn and how available it is. People do not understand how obscene porn is (Wierzbicka 1). Some scholars have... Free Essays on Pornography TITLE: THE HISTORY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PORNOGRAPHY Pornography gets people bothered as dependably as it gets them hot. There’s something philosophically itchy about text that is so intimately linked to action†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Weatherfield,M.1998 ). Pornography inspires many diverse and strong debates even today in the 21st century despite this topic’s notorious history throughout the ages. Aside of the social and political arguments on pornography, the history of this particular subject- its beginnings and the societies from which it came- is of great worth and interest. The literature coming out of France in the 18th century, the prohibited literature that was censored and burnt by those in authority as well as the writers of pornography themselves, were catalysts in revolutionising societies definitions of sexual practise and social custom. Thus the historical and social repercussions of this literary movement, its establishment of a rich genre of sexual representations and the subsequent views on sexuality wit hin society, are seen to be heavily indebted to 18th century France. Pornography’s definition is as troubling as its political debates. â€Å"The written or visual presentation in a realistic form of any genital or sexual behaviour with a deliberate violation of existing and widely accepted moral and social taboos† ( Stewart,P.1997 ). Despite the somewhat vague terms used in this definition it suffices as the closest interpretation of pornography outside of art, personal opinion, erotic literature, and anything which arouses sexual feelings. The word itself first coming into existence in 1869, meaning the â€Å"literature or writing of prostitutes† ( Stewart,P.1997 ). However 18th century France’s definition of pornography was not the same as modern day man’s definition. Books at that time were separated into work of the Enlightenment and pornography. The latter half were illegal, the political satire that they... Free Essays on Pornography It started by way of messengers and scribes, evolved through the presentation of newspapers and radio, brought us together with television, and now serves us world-wide via the ever-popular Internet. It is the mass media, and even from the earliest days of its existence, it has contributed greatly in ways that both enlighten and enrich society, and ways that deteriorate and perplex it. It is not a surprise to learn, then, that the mass media is the most powerful source of information we have, and nothing else in today’s world influences public perception quite as heavily. Unfortunately, however, most of what is broadcast or transmitted in the news today is with reference to the chaotic condition of our planet, or something else that society as a whole sees as detrimental or damaging. But the news on television is not the only type of media taking the criticism of society. Other forms of mass media, specifically movies and television programs containing pornography and violence have been heavily criticized. The underlining concept to be debated here is that society is negatively influenced, specifically, by these images of pornography and the result is increased violence against women. This assumption, and it is indeed only an assumption, is completely fallacious, however, as no concrete and completely conclusive evidence has ever been formulated in support of the theory. The key premise here is that the mass media does not cause undesirable social behaviour and in actuality, the media people should not be dubbed as the â€Å"bad guys†. They sim ply use their power in the most constructive ways possible in order to promote their ratings and popularity. One way to do that is to concentrate on what sells: sex, violence and disaster. Having said this, why is it then, that many in society still believe otherwise; why do they continue to believe that pornography is â€Å"evil† and is a major cause for violence against women, specifical...

4 Creative Ways to Analyze Plays

4 Creative Ways to Analyze Plays As students we remember sitting through countless lectures in which the instructor waxed eloquently about dramatic literature, while the class listened patiently, taking notes now and then. Today, as teachers, we certainly love to lecture about Shakespeare, Shaw, and Ibsen; after all, we love to hear ourselves talk! However, we also love student involvement, the more creative, the better. Here are a few ways for students to exercise their imagination while analyzing dramatic literature. Write (and Perform?) Additional Scenes Since plays are meant to be performed, it makes sense to encourage your students to act out some of the scenes in the play. If they are an energetic and outgoing group, this can work splendidly. However, it might be that your English class is filled with rather shy (or at least quiet) students who will be reluctant to read Tennessee Williams or Lillian Hellman out loud. Instead, have students work in groups to write a brand new scene for the play. The scene could take place before, after, or in-between the playwrights storyline. Note: Tom Stoppard did an excellent job of writing scenes that take place in between Hamlet. Its a play called Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead. Another example some students will be more likely to appreciate would be Lion King 1 1/2. Consider some of these possibilities: Write a scene set ten years before Death of a Salesman. What was the main character like before he had children? What was his career like in the early days?Write a scene that shows what happens between Hamlets Act III and IV. Many dont realize that Hamlet hangs out with pirates for a while. Id love to know what happens between the Danish prince and the band of buccaneers.Write a new ending to Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House. Reveal what Nora Helmer does the day after she leaves her family. Does her husband win her back? Does she find a new sense of purpose and identity? During the writing process, the students may remain true to the characters, or they may spoof them or modernized their language. When the new scenes are finished, the class can take turns performing their work. If some groups would rather not stand in front of the class, they can read from their desks. Create a Comic Book Bring some art supplies to class and have students work in groups to illustrate a graphic novel version of the play or a critique of the playwrights ideas. Recently in one of my classes, students were discussing Man and Superman, George Bernard Shaws battle-of-the-sexes comedy that also contemplates Nietzsches ideal of a human, the Superman or ÃÅ"bermensch. While creating a literary response in comic book form, the students took the Clark Kent/Superman character and replaced him with a Nietzschean superhero who selfishly ignores the weak, hates Wagner operas, and can leap existential problems in a single bound. They had fun creating it, and it also displayed their knowledge of the plays themes. Some students might feel insecure about their drawing abilities. Assure them that it is their ideas that matter, not the quality of the illustrations. Also, let them know that stick figures are an acceptable form of creative analysis. Drama Rap Battles This works especially well with the complex works of Shakespeare. This activity can produce something incredibly silly. If there are sincere urban poets in your classroom, they might compose something meaningful, even profound. Take a soliloquy or a two-person scene from any Shakespearean play. Discuss the meaning of the lines, clarifying the metaphors and mythical allusions. Once the class understands the basic meaning, have them work in groups to create a modernized version through the art of rap music. Heres a brief albeit corny example of a rapping version of Hamlet: Guard #1: Whats that sound?Guard #2: All around- I dont know.Guard #1: Dont you hear it?Guard #2: This Denmark place is haunted by an evil spirit!Horatio: Here comes Prince Hamlet, hes a melancholy Dane.Hamlet: My mother and my uncle are driving me insane!Yo Horatio - why did we come out here?Theres nothing in the forest for me to fear.Horatio: Hamlet, dont get upset and dont go mad.And dont look now-Hamlet: ITS THE GHOST OF MY DAD!What is this apparition with eyes that fright?Ghost: I am thy fathers spirit who does forever walk the night.Your uncle killed your daddy, but that aint the bomb-That big jerk went and married your Mom! After each group is finished, they can take turns delivering their lines. And if someone can get a good beat-box going, all the better. Warning: Shakespeare might be spinning in his grave during this assignment. For that matter, Tupac might start spinning as well. But at least the class will have a good time. Standing Debate Set Up: This works best if students have room to stand up and move about freely. However, if that is not the case, divide the classroom into two sides. Each side should turn their desks so that the two large groups face each other- they should be ready to engage in some serious literary debate! On one side of the chalkboard (or whiteboard) the instructor writes: AGREE. On the other side, the instructor writes: DISAGREE. In the middle of the board, the instructor writes an opinion based statement about the characters or ideas within the play. Example:  Abigail Williams  (the antagonist of The Crucible) is a sympathetic character. The students individually decide if they agree or disagree with this statement. They move to either the AGREE SIDE of the  room or the DISAGREE SIDE. Then, the debate begins. Students express their  opinions and state-specific examples from the text to support their argument. Here are some interesting topics for debate: Hamlet truly goes insane. (He’s not just pretending).Arthur Miller’s  Death of a Salesman  accurately criticizes the  American Dream.Anton Chekhov’s plays  are more tragic than comic. In a standing debate, the students should feel free to change their minds. If someone comes up with a good point, the fellow classmates might decide to move to the other side. The instructor’s goal is not to sway the class one way or another.  Instead, the teacher should keep the debate on track, occasionally playing devil’s advocate to keep the students thinking critically. Generate Your Own Creative Analysis Activities   Whether you are an English teacher, a home school parent or you are just looking for an imaginative way to respond to literature; these creative activities are just a few of the endless possibilities.

Ethical tourism practices in Cancun Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ethical tourism practices in Cancun - Essay Example This island belongs to the Mexican Caribbean sector and the name Cancun means, "bubble". This is literally how most tourists describe the secluded island. The Cancun is like a bubble enveloped in the wrap of time - far away from the maddening pace of the everyday life and external factors. The charm of Cancun lies in the fact that this secluded island offers all kinds of facilities within the island so that tourists do not need to leave the island in order to get any kind of necessities. It has hotels for all classes of tourists and caters to a variety of tastes and preferences as well. In this regard, sustainable tourism is an important feature that can be built into the tourism of the area as this area garners a major proportion of income from the tourism industry in Mexico. Sustainable tourism in this region can flourish mainly as this island has a rich heritage of diverse vegetation and scenic beauty apart from sea world vegetation and rare species of fish and other such species. A country that is so rich in the area of natural environs should take extra care to enhance its sustainable development so as to protect the rare species of the plant and animal kingdom that thrive there. Apart from this is the fact that due to its hold over the tourism industry in terms of contribution to the economy, Cancun stands a strong chance of developing a framework for sustainable tourism. It merely needs the right case to base this framework on, which has been discussed in this paper. Sustainable tourism in a beautiful island like Cancun is like a dream come true for environmentalists as well as policy makers who believe in green politics and green economy. Further, Cancun is already an established tourist hot spot. It has a wide network of hotel and other service providers like transport and other facilities. Cancun has 140 hotels, which translates to 24,000 rooms. These hotels and rooms cater to all kinds of people in the socio economic make up. There is something here that everyone can afford. This is a definite draw for a large chunk of tourists. Further, it has over 600 restaurants which ensures that people with varied tastes can find their ideal kind of cuisine in this island. That takes care of food and accommodation - the two most important things that a tourist or vacationer focuses on when on vacation. When a

Toyotas Social Initiatives Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Toyotas Social Initiatives - Case Study Example This essay declares that one of the most important questions that the rise of the modern business corporation has triggered in the minds of men is the following: â€Å"What is the purpose of a business?† Like the human beings that founded, managed, and grew them, corporations have searched for answers to this basic question on the assumption that doing so would give meaning to their existence, their behavior, and the countless short- and long-term business decisions made each day. This paper stresses that the search for an answer is not easy. Why and how does a business begin? Usually, some brave soul discovers a need in society that can be met, a product or a service that can be sold either because no one else is selling it or because s/he thinks it can be improved, made more convenient, or sold at a cheaper price. In the process, the person who discovers this unmet need and can supply it to people who are willing to pay the right price becomes rich. The business grows, expands, competes, and then goes public by listing in the stock market†¦and then what? This is where having a business purpose comes in handy, because making money is the easy part (although most start-up businesses fail, not only in America but in any other part of the world). These successful businesses go beyond finding ways to be profitable and try to discover how to spend those profits. the company’s business goals can be profitable if properly managed.... The business grows, expands, competes, and then goes public by listing in the stock marketand then what This is where having a business purpose comes in handy, because making money is the easy part (although most start-up businesses fail, not only in America but in any other part of the world). These successful businesses go beyond finding ways to be profitable and try to discover how to spend those profits. At first, companies were happy to share those profits with their managers, employees, and shareholders, but over the years, everyone realized that there were limits to the amount of money one could spend. In their search for a purpose, they came up with several answers. Adam Smith, in his Wealth of Nations, Book III entitled "Of the Natural Progress of Opulence" (Bartleby 2001) entreated private businesses to go beyond profits and create surpluses for export because this would lead to progressive wealth resulting in the improvement of the standard of living and the cultivation of society, a sort of heaven on earth where everyone would be happy. Drucker (1955) argued that the creation of value is the purpose of the organization, and that the purpose of business is to create and keep a customer. Friedman (1962) also emphasized that the social responsibility of business is to increase profits and maximize shareholder return without breaking the law, and that it is not the purpose of business to take care of society. Two prominent thinkers disagreed. Freeman (1984), the pioneer of stakeholder theory, defined (p. 48) stakeholders as "groups and individuals who can affect the organisation" and that "managerial behaviour must respond to those groups and individuals." Freeman argued that a business must go

Theory Building Essay Example for Free

Theory Building Essay Some of the theories used to explain different aspects of organizational management include Maslow’s Hierarchical Theory of Needs and Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory. According to Maslow’s theory physiological needs supervene psychological needs. Maslow’s theory states that certain needs which are inborn internal motivations influence the decisions made by individuals (Landy Conte, 2006, p.335). His theory allowed for the environment to play a significant role in motivated behavior by suggesting that once a set of needs are satisfied by environmental forces, the next higher needs are activated in an individual. As opposed to Maslow’s theory, Freud places emphasis on the role of an individual’s mind [specifically his unconscious mind] in the determination of an individual’s motivation. Within Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, an individual’s unconscious desires determine his motivations. Both theories can be used to explain the motivations behind individual’s actions and decisions within the field of business. How do propositions and hypotheses differ? According to Zikmund (1988) a proposition is â€Å"a statement concerned with the relationship among concepts. It is an assertion of a universal connection between events that have certain properties† (p. 44). As opposed to this, a hypothesis is â€Å"an unproven proposition or supposition that tentatively explains certain facts or phenomena. It is a proposition that is empirically testable† (Zikmund, 1988, p.45). The main difference between the two may be traced to the investigatory use of a hypothesis as the hypothesis is used to investigate and test a claim. It is important to note that the hypothesis itself is a proposition; the difference of a hypothesis from other propositions merely lies in its use to verify or falsify a claim. Given this context one might thereby state that although a hypothesis is a proposition not all propositions are hypotheses. How do concepts differ from variables?   According to Zikmund (1988) a concept refers to a â€Å"generalized idea about a class of objects, attributes, occurrences, or process that have been given a name† (p. 41). As opposed to this, a variable is â€Å"a concept whose value changes from case to case† (Macionis Plummer, 2005, p.51). Consider for example the concept ‘price’ wherein ‘price’ refers to the value of an object. Within the context of the department store, the ‘price’ of different objects differ from each other due to the differences of the factors used in determining the value of an object. In addition to this although some concepts may correspond to a set of empirical measures, not all concepts do as opposed to variables that may correspond to two or more values. Comment on this statement: â€Å"There is nothing as practical as a good theory.† A theory refers to a â€Å"coherent set of general propositions used to explain the apparent relationships among certain observed phenomena† (Zikmund, 1988, p.41). Theories are important as they provide a framework for the analysis of a particular event. A theory may thereby provide an individual with the necessary assumptions that may trace the reason for the occurrence of a particular event. In a sense, one might state that it provides an individual with the causal explanation on how an event q was caused by an event p. It is necessary however that the theory used for the explanation is a good theory. A good theory here refers to a theory whose â€Å"empirical content is less than or equal to the ‘logical content’† (Boland, 1989, p.56). Such is the characteristic of a good theory since it ensures that the theory is empirically verifiable and hence testable. Given this context, there is nothing as practical as a good theory since it ensures that one’s explanations for the occurrence of a particular event is continuously verifiable and hence testable and thereby easily proven to be valid easily. The 17th-century Dutch philosopher Benedict Spinoza said, â€Å"If the facts conflict with a theory, either the theory must be changed or the facts.† According to Spinoza, when facts conflict with a theory there is a necessity to either change the theory or change the facts in order to ensure the theory’s validity. A theory is either formulated through the use of inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning refers to â€Å"the logical process of deriving a conclusion about a specific instance based on a known general premise or something known to be true† (Zikmund, 1988, p. 46). Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, refers to the â€Å"the logical process of establishing a general proposition on the basis of observation of particular facts† (Zikmund, 1988, p.47). In the case of a theory formulated using a deductive argument, there is a need to assess the validity of propositions [facts] in order to ensure the validity and soundness of the argument. In the case of inductive arguments, the change or addition of a proposition [facts] changes the conclusion thereby leading to the change of the theory itself. Find another definition of theory. How is the definition you found similar to this book’s definition? How is it different? Kerlinger (1979) defines a theory as â€Å"a set of interrelated constructs (variables), definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of phenomenon by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining natural phenomena† (qtd in Creswell, 2002, p. 120). As opposed to this Zikmund (1988) defines a theory as a â€Å"coherent set of general propositions used to explain the apparent relationships among certain observed phenomena† (p.41). As can be seen above, both definitions note that a theory is composed of more abstract components in the form of propositions wherein each proposition is interrelated in such a way that when combined together they formulate one coherent and systematic worldview. The difference of Kerlinger’s definition however may be traced to his addition of what a theory is trying to explain that being ‘natural phenomena’. Hence, Zikmund’s definition may be seen as presenting a broad definition of a theory whereas Kerlinger narrows his definition by stating what a theory refers to. References Boland, L. (1989). The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology After Samuelson. London: Routledge. Creswell, J. (2002). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches. London: SAGE. Landy, F. J. Conte. (2006). Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. London: Routledge. Macionis, J. K. Plummer. (2005). Sociology: A Global Introduction. Np: Pearson. Zikmund, W. (1988). Business Research Methods. California: University of California Press.

Faith and Reason in The Nineteenth Century Essay -- Essays Papers

Faith and Reason in The Nineteenth Century Throughout history, there have been many trends and patterns that have allowed humankind to learn from its mistakes. This reflection on the past is an important characteristic that distinguishes humans from all other life on earth. To make sure that humans do not fall into the same evil devices that our forefathers did, we must examine how our faith and reason has progressed through the past few centuries. Reason began to be the sole factor that effected the direction life was taking. This rationalism even crept into the sphere of religious influence. In Europe during the nineteenth century, human reason made strides toward modernism by shifting focus onto the individual, and by applying what we had learned as a whole, thinkers intellectual advancements were used for the betterment of industry and society. During this same period in time, the church's power was subordinated to that of the state for the first time. In Europe, and especially in the tumultuous nation of France, the church faced fierce attacks from the governments of the nations. In France, this was more apparent than anywhere else. When the new government of Robespierre and the council of public safety came to power, they put vast restrictions on the power held by the Roman Catholic Church in France. To begin with, the government took church owned lands to pay off large amounts of debt that existed prior to the revolution. This was not an overly popular decision with the church. To further control the church, the National Assembly issued the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. This document placed the church below the state in the overall hierarchy of power. To put the loyalties of the divided clergy to the tes... ... found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 180. 7 Child Labor as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 130. 8 Child Labor as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 130. 9 Marx, Karl and Fiedrich Engels. The Communist Manifestoà ® as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 149. 10 Marx and Engels. The Communist Manifesto as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 150. 11 Owen, Robert. Utopian Socialism as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 148. 12 Mazzini, Guiseppe. The Duties of Man as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 166. 13 Mazzini, Guiseppe. The Duties of Man as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 166. 14 Mazzini, Guiseppe. The Duties of Man as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 165. 15 Mazzini, Guiseppe. The Duties of Man as found in Aspects of Western Civilization, 165.

Sejanus

SejanusLucius Aelius Sejanus (20 BC – October 18, AD 31), commonly known as Sejanus, was an ambitious soldier, friend and confidant of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. An equestrian by birth, Sejanus rose to power as prefect of the Roman imperial bodyguard, known as the Praetorian Guard, of which he was commander from AD 14 until his death in AD 31.While the Praetorian Guard was formally established under Emperor Augustus, Sejanus introduced a number of reforms which saw the unit evolve beyond a mere bodyguard into a powerful and influential branch of the government involved in public security, civil administration, and ultimately political intercession; changes which would have a lasting impact on the course of the Principate. During the 20s, Sejanus gradually accumulated power by consolidating his influence over Tiberius and eliminating potential political opponents, including the emperor's son, Drusus Julius Caesar.When Tiberius withdrew to Capri in 26, Sejanus was left in contr ol of the entire state mechanism as de facto ruler of the empire. For a time the most influential and feared citizen of Rome, Sejanus suddenly fell from power in 31, the year his career culminated with the consulship. Amidst suspicions of conspiracy against Tiberius, Sejanus was arrested and executed, along with his followers. | Marcus Vipsanius AgrippaMarcus Vipsanius Agrippa (23 October or November 64/63 BC – 12 BC) was a Roman statesman and general.He was a close friend, son-in-law, lieutenant and defence minister to Octavian, the future Emperor Caesar Augustus and father-in-law of the Emperor Tiberius, maternal grandfather of the Emperor Caligula, and maternal great-grandfather of the Emperor Nero. He was responsible for most of Octavian’s military victories, most notably winning the naval Battle of Actium against the forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt. | Seneca the YoungerLucius Annaeus Seneca (often known simply as Seneca; ca. BC – AD 65) was a Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and in one work humorist, of the Silver Age of Latin literature. He was tutor and later advisor to Emperor Nero. While he was later forced to commit suicide for alleged complicity in the Pisonian conspiracy to assassinate Nero, the last of the Julio-Claudian emperors, he may have been innocent. His father was Seneca the Elder and | Vipsania Agrippina Vipsania Agrippina (36 BC-20 AD) was the daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa from his first wife Pomponia Caecilia Attica, granddaughter of Cicero's friend and knight Titus Pomponius Atticus.Her maternal grandmother was a descendant of Marcus Licinius Crassus. By marriage, she was a great-niece to Quintus Tullius Cicero. Octavian and her father betrothed her to Tiberius before her first birthday. In 20 BC or 16 BC she married Tiberius. Their son Drusus the Younger was born in 13 BC. Agrippa died in March, 12 BC. He was married to Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus. Augustus forced Ti berius to divorce Vipsania and marry Julia. Tiberius reportedly loved Vipsania and disapproved of Julia.Vipsania was at the time pregnant, and from the shock lost the baby. | Livia (30 January 58 BC– 28 September AD 29), after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14 also known as Julia Augusta, was an empress of Rome as the third wife of the emperor Augustus Caesar, as well as his adviser. She was the mother of the emperor Tiberius, paternal grandmother of the emperor Claudius, paternal great-grandmother of the emperor Caligula, and maternal great-great grandmother of the emperor Nero.She was deified by Claudius who acknowledged her title of Augusta. After Mark Antony's suicide following the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, Octavian had removed all obstacles to his power and henceforth ruled as Emperor, from 27 BC on, under the honorary title Augustus. He and Livia formed the role model for Roman households. Despite their wealth and power, Augustus's family continued to live modestly in their house on the Palatine Hill. Livia would set the pattern for the noble Roman matrona.She wore neither excessive jewelry nor pretentious costumes, she took care of the household and her husband (often making his clothes herself), always faithful and dedicated. In 35 BC Octavian gave Livia the unprecedented honour of ruling her own finances and dedicated a public statue to her. She had her own circle of clients and pushed many proteges into political offices, including the grandfathers of the later emperors Galba and Otho. |

Fashion Channel Essay

Analysis Following Rosewood through this case study we have seen the company come to a crossroads. The company had to redefine itself to stay relevant in an evolving space. Rosewood had a reputation for managing uniquely distinctive properties without widespread corporate brand name awareness. Each individual property enjoyed vast success in particular from repeat guests who mostly stayed at only one of their distinctive properties in their growing portfolio. Now the company is looking to the future and specifically evaluating whether or not to incorporate the Rosewood brand into the name of each hotel. Rosewood’s senior management is engaging several tools to make their decision. Implementing this new strategy could lead to a bright future or spell disaster. Pros and cons of Rosewood moving to a corporate brand What is branding? According to Entrepreneur magazine â€Å"The marketing practice of creating a name, symbol or design that identifies and differentiates a product from other products.† Creating a corporate brand can come with positive and negatives. Rosewood’s objective will be to leave an imprint that no one else can leave and to create magic moments that their guests will never forget. Such as when the guest goes down memory lane years later after their stay, they will recall the positively outrageous service, the amenities, the food and the atmosphere created by Rosewood. No other hotel will duplicate what they experienced at their properties. Another positive to branding, Rosewood will create standards to measure the overall performance of all their properties. Such as curb appeal, beautiful landscaping, manicured green grass, flowers in season, to beautiful shrubs and trees. Additionally, as the guest arrives the people become part of the standard set, from the doorman, to the desk clerk, to the bellman, to housekeeping, to the engineering team that keeps the building and room temperature comfortable. This is where Rosewood can benefit from differentiation and drive performance. For that reason Jack Welch states in a World Press article, â€Å"Companies win when their managers make a clear and meaningful distinction between top- and bottom-performing businesses and people, when they cultivate the strong and cull the weak†. Some of Rosewood’s property managers, as mentioned in Harvard Business Review:  Rosewood Hotels and Resorts: Branding to increase customer profitability and lifetime value, many had â€Å"mixed feelings† about moving to a corporate brand. When you are measured against other hotels there is only so much room at the top. Naturally, there will some managers that will be asked to â€Å"ship up or ship out†. Thus, the upside is each hotel pushes each other to be the best they can be. Finally, the guest could anticipate what experience they will have at each Rosewood if they moved to a uniform brand. On the other hand, the down side or cons of moving to a uniform brand for Rosewood could be that data gathered from properties could be skewed or demographic information could not apply to all hotels across the brand. According to Phillip Kotler in A Framework for Marketing and Management â€Å"The data collection phase of marketing research is generally the most expensive and the most prone to error† (p.39). Also, some management after differentiation is established and measured could be dismissed if their hotel is at the bottom. Finally, another con could be that some management and employees are not good team players and are not able to uphold the standards charted by management. Customer Lifetime Value Calculator Using a tool like the Customer Lifetime value calculator can be helpful to Rosewood management as they crunch the numbers. This tool helps management take quantitative information and funnel it down to several outcomes. However, garbage in garbage out must be considered here. The CLTV is only as good as the information provided. If one Rosewood hotel provides flawed information or has not collected the data properly, the assumptions arrived to by the CLTV are not accurate. Perhaps as JWMI 518 W2, L2 states â€Å"The best approach is often to make use of both qualitative and quantitative research†. This approach considers the ever changing market conditions, tangibles and intangibles contained within qualitative and quantitative research. They are both valuable and have their place. Finally, within all the data and assumptions gained from the CLTV, there is one factor not considered. The relationship factor. In order to carry out the legendary service brand Rosewood wants to create, the most critical factor the team should be focused on is building relationships. The data, the CLTV, the amenities and a uniform brand all revolves around the staff building meaningful relationships with the guests. The standardized expectation of  how the guests are served is the most important ingredient and the CLTV does not factor this into the equation. According to INC Magazine, â€Å"The truth is that entrepreneurs too often get caught up in the details of the kinds of products or services they are selling to notice how critical it is to build relationships not just with your customers, but also with your vendors, employees and–gasp–even your competitors. â€Å"Without strong relationships, it is impossible to have success as a business owner, Recommendation My recommendation is that Rosewood should move to branding their hotels using the Rosewood brand immediately. Without setting standard foundations the guest will not know what to anticipate. Rosewood could use standardized data to help anticipate the needs of the guest before they even asked. Also, creating a uniform brand will help everyone come together as one team. When you are a consummate team player you elevate the performance of everyone around them and then there is no limit to what you can do as a team. When Rosewood has everyone on the same page going in the same direction they can create a wow factor the guest will be telling the world about. To most of the world, getting good service is common versus giving positively outrageous service is uncommon. Having a satisfied customer is common versus taking that satisfied customer exceeding his or her expectations and then taking the service one percent beyond that now Rosewood can create a raving fan that is uncommon. References Entrepreneur Magazine, (2013) http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/branding Harvard Business Publishing, (2007), Rosewood Hotels and Resorts: Branding to increase customer profitability and lifetime value, P. 5 INC. (2013) http://www.inc.com/guides/201101/how-to-build-better-business-relationships.html Kotler, Chapter 3: Collecting Information and Forecasting Demand, P.39 World Press, (2012) http://frrl.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/jack-welch-on-differentiation-or-making-winners-out-of-everyone/